Njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali ezininzi,sulfamic acididlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini ledayi. Iimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-dayi synthesis kunye neenkqubo zokudaya. Ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela njenge-catalyst encedisayo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwedayi synthesis, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH lenkqubo yokudaya ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthatyathwa kwedayi kunye nokukhawuleza kombala. Eli nqaku liphonononga indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa yi-asidi ye-sulfamic kwimveliso yedayi kunye neenzuzo zayo kwishishini.
1. Ukuphelisa i-nitrite engaphezulu
Kwi-dayi synthesis, ukuphendula kwe-diazotization linyathelo eliphambili kwimveliso ye-azo dyes. Ukusabela ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa i-nitrite ye-sodium kunye ne-hydrochloric acid ukuvelisa i-asidi ye-nitrous, ethi isebenze kunye ne-amines enevumba elimnandi ukwenza iityuwa ze-diazonium. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-nitrite engaphezulu ayiphathwa ngexesha, iya kubangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kwaye i-nitrite engaphezulu inokusabela ngeeamolekyu zedayi, ezichaphazela umbala kunye nokuzinza kokukhanya kwedayi. Ke ngoko, i-aminosulfonic acid isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini ledayi njengesixhobo esisebenzayo nesikhuselekileyo se-nitrite. Umgaqo wokusabela ungolu hlobo lulandelayo:
NaNO₂ + H₃NSO₃ → N₂ + NaHSO₄ + H₂O
Aminosulfonic acidisabela ngokukhawuleza nge-nitrite kwaye inokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo i-nitrite engaphezulu ibe yigesi yenitrogen engenabungozi.
- Usetyenziso oluthile
Emva kokunyangwa kwe-diazotization reaction: Emva kokuba i-diazotization reaction igqityiwe, yongeza inani elifanelekileyo lesisombululo se-aminosulfonic acid kwaye uvuselele ukuphendula ixesha elithile ukuze uphelise ngokupheleleyo i-nitrite engaphezulu.
Ukuhlanjululwa kwedayi ephakathi: Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela idayi ephakathi, i-aminosulfonic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukususa i-nitrite eseleyo kunye nokuphucula ukucoceka kwemveliso.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka: Kumanzi amdaka edayi aqulethe i-nitrite, i-aminosulfonic acid ingasetyenziselwa unyango ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwe-nitrite kumanzi amdaka kunye nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
2. Ukuzinziswa kweZisombululo zeDayi
Kwishishini ledayi, ukuzinza kwezisombululo zedayi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufana kunye nombala ongaguqukiyo. I-asidi ye-Sulfamic isebenza njenge-arhente yokuzinzisa, ukukhusela i-hydrolysis yangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuthotywa kwee-molecule zedayi ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiidayi ezisebenzayo, apho ukugcina ingqibelelo yeekhemikhali kubalulekile ukuze kuphunyezwe imibala edlamkileyo nehlala ixesha elide.
3. Ulawulo lwe-pH
Ukusebenza kweedayi ezininzi kuxhomekeke ekugcineni i-pH ethile. I-asidi ye-Sulfamic, eyaziwa ngokuba ne-acidity ephakathi, isebenza njengesilungelelaniso se-pH kwiibhafu zedayi. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-pH, iqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa kwedayi kwimicu, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudaya kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wombala ongalinganiyo okanye iziphene.
4. Ukunciphisa kunye nokuCoca iZixhobo zeDayi
Ukuveliswa kwedayi kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni isikali kunye neentsalela kwizixhobo. Iipropathi ezinamandla zokuthoba ze-Sulfamic acid ziyenza ibe yeyona arhente ibalaseleyo yokucoca yokususa ezi diphozithi ngaphandle kokonakalisa oomatshini. Ukucocwa rhoqo nge-asidi ye-sulfamic akugcini nje ukuphucula ixesha lokuphila kwezixhobo kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokudaya ihlala ingangcoliswanga, okubangelwa iimveliso eziphezulu.
5. Ukuphucula uMgangatho wokuDaya kwiiFibers
Iasidi yeSulfamic yongeza ukungena kunye nokulungiswa kwedayi kwiintsinga ezifana nomqhaphu, uboya, kunye nemathiriyeli yokwenziwa. Ngokwenza indawo ene-acidic efanelekileyo, iqinisekisa ukufunxwa okungcono kunye nokudibanisa iimolekyuli zedayi kwifiber, ekhokelela kwimibala ephilileyo kunye neyomelele. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kumashishini eempahla ezilukiweyo ezifuna ukugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu.
Indima ye-Sulfamic acid kushishino lwedayi inamacala amaninzi, ukususela ekuzinziseni izicombululo zedayi ukuphucula umgangatho wedayi, izixhobo zokucoca, nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo kunye neempawu zokusingqongileyo zenza ukuba ibe yimpahla ebalulekileyo kubavelisi abafuna ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-31-2024